Tahqiqāt-e Târix-e Eqtesâdi (Economic History Studies of Iran)

Abstract From a sociological viewpoint, tribal and religious minorities due to their differences from majority section are under discrimination and they avoid taking part in social life. Although these distinctive behaviors can be seen in modern world and many historical societies, a sociological and historical study in Isfahan Jolfa about Armenians during Safavid showed that this minority section enjoyed an excellent enhance and they had a successful action in social life in Isfahan as a capital city of Safavid. This study was documented with historical sources in the area of social affairs and tries to answer the historical question, That is: How was the position and performance of Armenians in Isfahan at Safavid period as a minority group? And how this performance made Armenians and Julfa so famous at that time? Data collection and inferring the research data was depicted by historical inferencing and quantitative techniques at the end of this paper. This constructive and positive interaction between this group and Safavid politicians constructive and positive interaction between this group and Safavid politicians carried many positive things such as a better trading a growth in the population of the capital city a reliable international validity, Armenian right behavior and actions in their different social responsibilities encouraged politicians to give them more responsibilities. They had a friendly relationship with other groups at that time. This performance can be documented in the study of this minority group.

Abstract Iran’s Safavid social structure affected the politics of the Safavid kings, more receptive to political movements-Social Trayq not mystical. Safavi Sufi brotherhoods Nurbakhshieh move the view of the altar to the throne, his continuing popularity and social freedom were in danger. Master Nurbakhsh, although almost simultaneously with the Shiite Safavid Sufi brotherhoods as a political entity was declared in the Timurid territory, but could not continue as the Safavids to achieve political power. Thus the political and public-friendly Shia Safavids were forced to adopt many approaches in the social field. Thereby retaining their religious hierarchy and hope for the future with an opportunity to reach into his path to the throne. This research utilizes a library of research and analytical approach seeks to review various areas of the Master Nourbakhsh Safavid society and their social functions is in this period. Seems to form a government after the Safavid dynasty of kings that refuse to see the activities of other political, social, religious and not from other Sufi Trayq. So every opportunity to suppress the religious hierarchy in their territory, they took advantage. In contrast, religious creed Nurbakhshieh like the other series due to financial and military weakness of the Safavid kings used their various abilities, such as belief in Islam as the official religion of the country, claim to greatness, knowledge acquisition and utilization of Medicine for more presence in the community, writing poems in various fields and ... Continuing social and political life in their path, hoping to achieve better conditions tried.

Abstract Monetary policies in each historical period have been performed in different ways. One of this policies is the quality of flow of monetary policies that has been presented in special faces. This model was to use cheque and promissory note. Abbasi caliphate, needed to a comfortable, easy and secure way to increase economical and commercial advantages and decrease the problems of monetary exchanges. Therefore, these tools have been used because of lightness and easy transference in order to develop the monetary flow policies in Abbasi Emperor. This research has been built upon historical texts and references specially this period’s literature.

Abstract The ancient land of Kharazm, the northernmost point of central Asia, was an important area during the early Islamic centuries. Kharazm was a commercial centre for Caravans coming from lands of Oghozs, Khazars and especially Russians; Also merchants of Kharazm were engaged in trade in foreign countries. Kharazm was trading with Russia and Europe via Aral. Kharazm’s geographical and merchant situation prepared glorious economic and commercial periods. Passing through the ancient era towards the Islamic era Kharazm has also kept this role. Khwarizmi merchants were controlling the trade in central Asia and Khorasan and had trading Houses and Store Houses throughout central Asia, Khorasan, India, Bulgaria and Volga coastline. Politically, Kharazm had an autonomous monarchy originated in the ancient age-ruling by Farighonid dynasty. After Arab conquest, the ancient rulers became subordinate to the Caliphate and therefore a duel political order appeared in Kharazm. Kharazm played a key role during the establishment of Iranian autonomous states in Trans Oxiana. In this article, with Looking at the economic and political situation of Kharazm, the model development of Kharazm in this two fields, has been surveyed.

Abstract The coup d’état on last days of 1299 was a beginning for Reza khan attendance in Iran’s politic. His attendance was began as Cossack’s commander and after that he became war minister. In 1304 he coronate as Iran’s king and his kingship last until 1320. In his kingship era he tried to build a central and powerful state and did modernization and different political, social, economical, judicial and educational reforms. He did all of his reforms on the base of European countries evolutions and he tried to establish new civil views and international chances for Iran. These reforms had different results and caused different reactions. In sociology of literature framework, texts and books that have been written in this period (1300-1320) can be used as facilities to study this results and reactions. Among various literary texts, novels have more importance because of their structure and specifications. In this article, the reflections of Pahlavi, Its political and social reforms in social novels between 1300-1320 have been studied using the theoretical framework of Lucien Goldman. Results of the study show that in the early years of the reign of Reza Shah's reforms, historical and social novels were considered and with the unveiling of duplication in this period of reform failures, Literature and literary novels became as means to criticize the status quo.

Abstract In Safavid period, some structural and functional aspects of executive offices changed and through it some of them developed in order to reach to more effectiveness in political, economical and social missions, including sheriff’s office that appears before Safavid period. In this period, some structural and functional changes occurred that lead to the transformation of its political and administrative role and social place. The structural and functional model of sheriff’s office that appeared in Safavid period, began to decline and in Qajar’s last period disappeared. In this paper, we study historically this topic according to existing documents and data. The result of this paper shows that in this period, the extension of the functions of this office caused to that title be used for military and administrative officials, and sheriffs undertake different and important roles and functions in executive, juridical and social security areas. In light of executive and social importance and stance of this position, in addition to their original task, sometimes they work as ambassador, consultant, fiscal agent, military missioners and … .