Volume 13 (2024- 2025)
Volume 12 (2023-2024)
Volume 11 (2022-2023)
Volume 10 (2021-2022)
Volume 9 (2020-2021)
Volume 8 (2019-2020)
Volume 7 (2018-2019)
Volume 6 (2017-2018)
Volume 5 (2016-2017)
Volume 4 (2015-2016)
Volume 3 (2014-2015)
Volume 1 (2012-2013)
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,Urban Defense Structure of Transoxiana in the Early Islamic Centuries: With an Emphasis on Bokhara and Samarkand

Fatemah Orouji; Javad Alipour

Volume 2, Issue 2 , February 2014, Pages 19-43

Abstract
  Attempts to gain security, as an important need of man throughout history, have always dealt with different types of defense equipment. The defensive measures taken with the aim of guaranteeing independence, maintaining territorial integrity, and protecting people against any invasion of the enemy, are ...  Read More

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The Importance and Economic Functions of Qom-Qasr-e Shirin Road in the Qajar Period

ebrahim aslani; saeede soltanimoghadam

Volume 2, Issue 2 , February 2014, Pages 45-59

Abstract
  The importance of Qom-Qasr-e Shirin road goes back to the years before Qajar. However, it became more significant during the Qajar period, as a result of improvement of the relations between Iran and the Ottoman Empire. The Qom-Qasr-e Shirin road was a path for exchanging agricultural products with Europe. ...  Read More

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The Study of the Social Structure of Muslims’ Commercial Diasporas in Malabar and the Role of Iranian Sufis in the 13th and 14th Centuries

Ali bahranipour; Zahra zarei

Volume 2, Issue 2 , February 2014, Pages 61-81

Abstract
  Muslim Diasporas in Malabar were formed by different ethnics and social classes, including local groups, immigrants, and hybrids. They also consisted of various social classes ranging from Indian local governors and merchants –whether strangers or locals- to hybrid Indian Muslim dealers (the Mapillas) ...  Read More

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Arthur Millspaugh’s Income Tax Law

karim soleimany; jamileh azizkhah

Volume 2, Issue 2 , February 2014, Pages 83-97

Abstract
  The American advisor, Dr. Arthur Millspaugh’s, travelled to Iran in 1943 accepting the Iranian government invitation to organize the existing economic chaos. He was on the belief that balancing the budget and controlling the inflation required incurring high taxes on high incomes. So, he proposed ...  Read More

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Economic Policies in the Governing Systems of Samanids and Ghaznavids

Mohammad nopasand; Hiro isavi

Volume 2, Issue 2 , February 2014, Pages 99-125

Abstract
  Economy and politics are so interrelated that none of them can remain stable without the other. This issue has frequently been addressed throughout the history. But in the past, there was not the science of economics as it is today; therefore, the historical and literary writings on politics, household ...  Read More