The economic approach of Mozaffari period periodicals towards the economic situation and the need for commercial and industrial modernization of Iran (1906-1895)

Bahrampor, Farahnaz; Sadri, Manizheh; Shohratifar, Rahim

doi:10.30465/sehs.2024.40639.1951

The economic approach of Mozaffari period periodicals towards the economic situation and the need for commercial and industrial modernization of Iran (1906-1895)

Document Type : .

Authors

farahnaz bahrampor ¹

manizheh Sadri ²

rahim shohratifar ³

¹ Ph.D student of history.Islamic Azad University, Shabest branch.Iran

² Assistant Professor of the History Department of Islamic Azad University, Shabest branch

³ retired assistant professor of history department of Islamic Azad University, Abhar branch

https://doi.org/10.30465/sehs.2024.40639.1951

Abstract

Extended abstract
The expansion of Iran's relations with the West since the Naseri period made Iranian educated people more familiar with the society and new political and economic ideas common in the West, and newspapers were one of the modern means of information that could draw people's attention to the state of political backwardness and attract the economy of the country and familiarize the traditional society of Iran with modern ideas. Journals such as Soraya, Akhtar, Habalul Matin, Parvesh, etc. played an important role in the beginning of reforms and economic modernization during the Mozaffari period. Economy was one of the topics that the intellectual class and journalists of the Qajar period had a special view on. Some of the writers and editors of newspapers such as Kashani and Taher Tabrizi were from the tradesmen's class and were experts in economic matters, and they closely witnessed the backwardness of Iran and the progress and economic developments of Europe. Most of the newspaper readers in that period consisted of businessmen, statesmen and intellectuals, for this reason, newspaper writers believed that by writing economic articles, they could direct investments and cause the development and growth of science and industry. The Naseri era coincided with the era of industrial capitalism in Europe and America, while Iran's economic system was based on subsistence agriculture with a feudal lord system and a pastoral economy, and with the increase in Iran's foreign trade with Europe and the evolution of the global capitalist system, Iran inadvertently entered the economic cycle. Internationalization and integration in the globalized economy and the context of Russian and British domination over the Iranian market and taking control of the country's economic artery brought the country's natural economic growth out of balance. And merchants were the first to open the feet of commercial capital to agricultural products. Granting economic concessions and taking foreign loans and the government's inability to support industries and trade during Naseri and Mozaffari eras were other factors of the country's economic collapse. The existence of economic problems caused newspapers to pay attention to the causes and roots of these problems and provide ways to overcome these problems.
This article aims to examine the economic situation of Iran in the three fields of agriculture, trade and industry, relying on press sources and from the perspective of a number of Mozafari period newspapers, and answer these questions: The economic situation of the country from the perspective of the media of the era How was Mozaffari? The economic approach of newspapers of that period was influenced by which economic ideas? The hypothesis of this research is that some writers and managers of Navandish newspapers were experts in economic issues and were familiar with economic ideas due to their connection with Western civilization, especially the ideas that They emphasized on self-sufficiency and free trade and maintaining economic security. The research findings of the article show that the authors of these journals were familiar with Iran's economic issues, and while being aware of the political and economic developments in the world, they were also aware of the economic ideas of the West and European financial institutions. Iranian gentlemen and capitalists should be aware of it. With this point of view, while finding the root of the economic problems, the press also put forward reform and modern proposals in the newspapers to get out of it, which seems to be influenced by the economic ideas of the West.
Background of the research: Many books and articles related to the Qajar period have been written by foreign and domestic authors, which also contain economic reports and researches. For example: Cities and Trade of Iran in the Qajar Period by Keith Abbott (2016), which contains commercial and financial reports in a period of time (1866-1847). The book "Peaceful influence until under protectorate" (1860-1919) by Wilhelm Leitin (1367. It has been researched in Mozafari period. Ganj Shaygan by Mohammad Ali Jamalzadeh (1362) . The ideas of classical economists in the writings of elite journalists of the Qajar period from the Nasrid era to the constitution" by Ali Begdali (2013), "The role of the government and the people in the economy from the perspective of Akhtar newspaper" by Abdul Mahdi Rajaei (2010).

Keywords

Qajar"

publications"

modernization"

trade"

industry"

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