Tahqiqāt-e Târix-e Eqtesâdi (Economic History Studies of Iran)

Welfare demands of oil industry workers based on petitions (1320-1332)

Document Type : .

Authors

Maryam Bolandi 1
Kazem Mighani 2
Foad Pour aryan 3
Mirhadi Hosseini 4

1 Phd student of history, Kharazmi university, Tehran, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor of history, Kharazmi University,Tehran, Iran

3 Associated professor of history, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.

4 Assistance professor of history, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.

https://doi.org/10.30465/sehs.2024.46954.1953
Abstract
Introduction
Statement of the topic: After September 1320 sh, at the beginning of World War II, when the construction activities of the oil company were stopped, the construction of houses and other welfare matters for the workers were also stopped. At this critical historical moment, all the company's attention was focused on providing defense equipment to protect Abadan mines and refinery. With the beginning of the operation development program for war purposes, due to various reasons such as unemployment and poverty, the number of employees of the company increased and the population of Abadan began to increase. During all these crises, Iran and England Oil Company was famous and attracted the attention of many unemployed people and war victims. With the increase in the population, the issue of housing, rights and dissatisfaction among the Iranian employees of the company is increasing, and it has provided the conditions for widespread labor strikes and protests. Therefore, the workers were drawn to their trade unions to raise their protests.
Issue: In its relations with the workers, the oil company acted according to the rules that were in the direction of the company's greater profit, regarding the payment of wages, the amount of working hours and rights such as leave, insurance and pension, and paying attention to the laws of the country regarding insurance and other welfare issues of the workers. did not have
Historical documents and documents, which today have been welcomed more and more as a tool for historical explanation and the attention of historiography and historiography, contain many points about the demands of the lower classes of the society, in particular the workers of the oil industry in southern Iran. Considering that this new approach and dealing with the content of the petitions has a significant role in completing the historical data, this research aims to use the petitions of Iranian oil industry workers (1320-1332 sh) available in the Anbar Nafte Records Center. , National Library and Documents Organization of Iran, the Islamic Council and other large document centers, should conduct a study regarding the approach to workers' issues and their demands.
Question: What were the demands and requests for the welfare of oil industry workers in the years (1320-1332 sh)
Background: In relation to the background of the research, you can refer to the book "Artificial environment and the formation of the industrial working class", which examines the situation of Abadan workers between the two world wars, "Arayed, an approach to the history of Farudestan (examining the documents of Arayed of the National Assembly)" by Siavash Shohani and... pointed out.
Purpose: The purpose of the research is to, in line with the research of others about industrial workers, labor unions and their role and influence in political and economic events, about the problems, demands and hidden awareness in the demands of oil industry workers, from the angle of petitions that are a place to express demands. It is a worker, an independent investigation should be done;
Methodology: The method of the present research is library and documental in terms of its historical nature, and the necessary information has been collected through the review of relevant sources, documents and documents, with a historical and documentary approach. The limits and focal point of spatial, temporal and thematic research, Iran during the second Pahlavi period, from Shahrivar 1320 sh. until the coup d'etat of August 28, 1332 sh.
Findings:

From the petitions of oil industry workers, it is clear that their expected welfare components include things such as basic promotion including employment, housing, insurance, salary increase and other welfare facilities.
The amenities provided by Iran and England Oil Company were either not available to all groups of workers or were not paid equally.
Despite suffering repression and losing many of their facilities, the workers did not give in to the oppression of their employers and reached agreements with the company that improved their conditions. They tried to achieve these demands by joining labor unions and strikes, and in cases such as the approval of the labor law in 1325 sh. They were successful in this field, but in the end they could not bring about a fundamental change in labor relations.
The weakness of labor organizations, the central government's lack of support for workers, and the misuse of workers by parties were the most important factors in their all-round failure.

 Discussion and conclusion: According to the survey of complaints, housing, wage increase, health and insurance were among the most important welfare indicators of oil industry workers. The workers were trying to get a part of their rights through various forms of protest, but due to the weakness of the labor organizations, the central government's lack of support for the workers, and the misuse of the workers by the parties, they could not bring about a fundamental change in the labor relations.
It is worth mentioning that the study of Subalterns situation by examining documents and documents in all historical periods and especially in contemporary history is one of the original research cases that can be investigated by researchers and leads to the explanation of the policies of the government and the oil industry and the reactions of the workers. Therefore, with social and document-oriented historiography, it is possible to understand the degree of correspondence of historical data transmitted from political history with the narrative of documents.

Keywords

Industrial working class
Oil industry
Appeals
Welfare
Pahlavi II
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Tahqiqāt-e Târix-e Eqtesâdi (Economic History Studies of Iran)
Volume 13, Issue 1 - Serial Number 25
September 2024
Pages 31-57

  • Receive Date 14 October 2023
  • Revise Date 17 December 2023
  • Accept Date 25 December 2023

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