Document Type : .
Authors
1 . Master of History and Civilization of Islamic Nations. Faculty of Theology. Islamic Azad University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2 Master of History and Civilization of Islamic Nations, Faculty of Theology, Islamic Azad University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
Abstract
With the establishment of the Gurkan dynasty in India (932 A.H.) and the attainment of political stability, the Mughal sultans worked to build beautiful and grand palaces and gardens. Therefore, the presence of Iranian women in the court of the Indian sultans, along with their power and influence in various government branches, led them to impact multiple aspects of architecture. In architecture, Iranian women's focus on building construction and religious sites led to the creation of innovative and magnificent works infused with the Iranian essence throughout the Indian Empire. This research aims to evaluate the influence of Iranian women in the architecture of the Gurkan period in India through a comprehensive investigation. It seeks to answer how these women impacted the growth and prosperity of the architecture of the Gurkan empire in India. During this period, Iranian women played a significant role in enhancing architecture by contributing to construction of beautiful gardens, grand tombs, and large mosques in India.
Keywords
Aba Koch (1994), Indian Architecture in the Gurkanian Period, translated by Hossein Sultanzadeh, Tehran: Cultural Research Office.
Aftab, Khaleda (1990), Golbadan Begum, daughter of Babar King, Iqbaliyat, No. 5-6, pp. 153-163.
Badauni, Abdul Qadir bin Malukshah (2001), selected al-Tawarikh, edited by Ahmad Ali Sahib, with introduction and additions by Tawfiq Sobhani, Tehran: Association of Cultural Heritage and Heritage.
Bakhshi, Motadem Khan (1865), Iqbal Nameh Jahangiri, revised by Maulvi Abdul Hai and Maulvi Ahmad Ali Sahibhan, Calcutta: Bina.
Bernier, (1983), Travels in the Mogul Empire 2, nd ed revised by V. A. Smith, Delhi.
Blair, Sheila; Bloom, Jonathan, (2014), Islamic Art and Architecture (2), translated by Yacoub Azhand, Tehran, Samat, 6th edition.
Das, harihar, Sarkar, subimai Chandra, (1959), The Norris embassy to Aurangzib (1699-1702), Calcutta: K. L. Mukhopadhyay.
Dayal, Maheshwar, Rediscovering Delhi, (1982), The Story of Shahjahanbad, Delhi.
De Laet, Joannes, (1974), The Empire of the Great Mogul, Translated by J. S. Hoyland. Annotated by S. N. Banerjee, Delhi.
Dilis, Peter; Hotstein, Marcus (2013), Islam: Art and Architecture, translated by Azita Afarashi and others, Tehran: Pikan.
Findly, Ellison, (1993), NurJahan Empress of Mughal India (Oxford University Press New York.
Gharavi, Mehdi (1970), Hamida Bano Begum, wife of Homayoun King and granddaughter of Ahmad Gende Pil, Yaghma, No. 259, pp. 42-39.
Gharavi, Mehdi (2005), King Humayun's Tomb in Delhi, Art and People, No. 81, pp. 14-18.
Gharavi, Mehdi (2015), Golbadan Bano and his book Homayoun Nameh, Art and People, new period number 91, pp. 29-37.
Hamidi, Jafar (1991), the impact of the Persian language and the social and cultural conditions of India in the era of Shah Jahan Babri, Ashna, first issue, pp. 21-27.
Hekmat, Ali Asghar (1958), The Land of India, Tehran: Tehran University Press.
Inayat Khan, Mohammad Taher (2008), summary of Shahjahan Nameh, introduction and correction by Jamilur Rahman, New Delhi: Cultural Consultation of the Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Indian art, (1986), a symposium held at the Victoria and Albert museum, Robert skelton, Andrew topsfield, Susan stronge, Rosemary crill. London.
Kargar, Abdullah (2004), Shahshah Sokhnoor, Peshawar: Al-Azhar.
Khandamir, Ghiyath al-Din bin Hammam (1983), Tarikh Habib al-Sir, Tehran: Khayyam bookstore.
Kohavihami, Ghulam Hasan (1954), Tarikh Hasan or Asrar al-Akhyar, Bina: Srinagar.
Konbu, Mohammad Saleh (Bita), Saleh's work known as Shah Jahan Nameh, arranged and edited by Dr. Gholam Yazdan, revised and corrected by Dr. Vahid Qureshi, three volumes, Lahore: Majlis Targhee Adab, Bita. Gorkani, Gulbadan Begum, Humayun Nameh, Tehran: Bina.
Lahori, Abdul Hamid (1868), Badshahnameh, edited by Kabiruddin Ahmadno Abdul Rahim, Calcutta: Ashiatak Society of Bengal.
Lal،Ruby،(2005)،omesticity and Power in the Early Mughal World،Cambridge،London.
Mahalati, Zabihullah (1970), Riyahin al-Sharia, Tehran: Dar Ketub Islamiyya.
Manucci, Niccolao, (1907), Storia do Mogor; or, Mogul India, Vol. 1. Translated by William Irvine. London: J. Murray.
Meri, Josef, (2006), medieval islamic civilization, london: routledge.
Mishra, Rekha, (1967), women in mughal india, delhi: munshiram manoharlal publications.
Mostaedkhan, Mohammad Saqi (1871), Ma'ather Alamgir, lithograph, Calcutta: Paris.
Mufti Lahori, Ali al-Din bin Khair al-Din (1961), Ebrat Nameh, Volume 1, edited by Muhammad Baqir, Lahore: Punjabi Literary Academy.
Mukherjee, Soma, (2011), royal mughal ladies and their contribution, new delhi.
Mundy, Peter, (1907), The Travels of Peter Mundy in Europe and Asia, ed. R.C. Temple, Vol III, Cambridge [England].
Naeem U. Din, (2018), Shadows of empire: The Mughal and British Colonial Architectural Heritage of Lahore، ، The Graduate Center, City University Of New York.
Najafi Barzegar, Karim (2015), Muns al-Arawah, a valuable work on the description of the lives of the sheikhs of the Cheshtiyya dynasty, Subcontinent Studies, 7th year, number 25, pp. 121-132.
O'Kane, Bernad (2006), Timurid Architecture in Khorasan, translated by Ali Akhshini, Mashhad: Astan Quds Razavi Islamic Research Foundation.
panipat: Inayat Khan, (1990), The Shahjahan Nama, tr. 8s ed. Begley and Deasi, Delhi.
Pant, (1930), The Commercial Policy of the Mughals, Bombay.
Pelsaest, Francisco, W. Heffer & Sons, (1925), jahangir’s india, cambridge [England].
Pirnia, Mohammad Karim (2008), Iranian architectural stylistics, Tehran: Soroush Danesh.
Qane Tetovi, Mir Zamir Ali Shir (1971), Tohfe Al Karam, Seyyed Hussamuddin Rashidi, Hyderabad: Sindh.
Roe, Thomas, Fryer, John, (1873), Travels in India in the Seventeenth Century, London: Trübner.
Rogers trans, alexander and Beveridge, henry, (1968), The tuzuk-i-jahangiri, or memoirs of Jahangir, 2 vols. Delhi: munshiram manoharlal.
Ruggles, D. Fairchild. (2000), Women, Patronage, and Self-representation in Islamic Societies. Albany: State U of New York.
- Crowe, S. Haywood, and S. Jellicoe, (1972), The Gardens of Mughal India: A History and Guide, London.
Shimel, Anne Marie (2007), in the territory of the Mongol Khans, translated by Faramarz Najd Samii, Tehran: Amir Kabir.
Sultanzadeh, Hossein (1999), Continuity of Iranian Garden Design in Taj Mahal, Tehran: Cultural Research Office.
Tavernier, Jean Baptiste. (n.d.). (1889-1925), Travel In India Trans. V. Ball, New York
', './data/sehs/coversheet/cover_en.jpg'))