Tahqiqāt-e Târix-e Eqtesâdi (Economic History Studies of Iran)

Bill (Barat) bread: A unique document in the financial documents of the Qajar period

Document Type : .

Author

Amin Mohammadi

PhD. of history, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies . Tehran, Iran.

https://doi.org/10.30465/sehs.2022.36698.1721
Abstract
The Bill was the main instrument of government payments in pre-modern (pre-constitutional) Iran.There were different types of this court document and Mostofian, as its producer, issued each of you for a specific payment. The Qajar period is very important in terms of the variety of Bill, because more than 50 different types of barats have been identified in the historical sources of this period. In the two existing files of the National Archives of Iran, there are 22 Bills with the title of bread, which are unique in their kind, because so far in the historical sources, there is no mention of the existence of this type of court Bill. In this article, in addition to documenting and analyzing the content of this unique bill, we will try to answer the question of to whom government bread belonged in the Qajar period and what mechanism the government used to allocate bread.

Based on the findings of this study, the document structure of bread bills is quite similar to other court bills, and knowing this structure allows the researcher to easily identify bread bills from other financial documents. Analysis of the content of the checks also showed that government bread belonged to a number Boutat-e Saltanati , including "Amalejat-e Andaroni" and " Amalejat-e Karkhaneh", and the Qajar government used bills entitled "Taslim", "jierh" and “Nan “ between 1254. And 1268 lunar has continuously given bread to these employees.

Keywords

Financial documents
court Bill
Bill bread
Boutat-e Saltanati
Qajar period
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Tahqiqāt-e Târix-e Eqtesâdi (Economic History Studies of Iran)
Volume 10, Issue 2 - Serial Number 20
autumn and winter
March 2022
Pages 221-242

  • Receive Date 10 October 2021
  • Revise Date 21 November 2021
  • Accept Date 19 January 2022

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