Reflection of the implementation of Ottoman law in Iraq on the social and legal status of Iranian citizens residing in Atbat-e-Aliat; “Marriage and military service”

Shahsavari, Soraya

doi:10.30465/sehs.2021.35111.1679

Reflection of the implementation of Ottoman law in Iraq on the social and legal status of Iranian citizens residing in Atbat-e-Aliat; “Marriage and military service”

Document Type : .

Author

Soraya Shahsavari

Assistant professor of history,Payam noor university, Tehran.Iran

https://doi.org/10.30465/sehs.2021.35111.1679

Abstract

With the development of diplomatic relations between the two governments of Iran and the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth century, the presence of Iranians in the holy cities of Iraq also expanded. The Ottoman government did not have a positive attitude towards the presence of Iranians in Iraq. It tried to limit the conditions for the presence of Iranian citizens in Iraq by enforcing some political and social. Law on the Acceptance of Ottoman Citizenship, Prohibition of Iranians Marrying Ottoman Women, and Compulsory Military Service for Iranian-born Women
Were among these goals.
The reluctance of Iranian citizens to accept such laws imposed by the Ottoman government, on the one hand, and the strictness of Ottoman officials in enforcing them, on the other, were among the issues that made the situation of Iranian citizens living in Atbat in the nineteenth century difficult. In this research, a descriptive, analytical method based on documents in the archives of the two countries answered the question:
1. What was the Ottoman government's approach to enforcing social laws in Iraq?
Ottoman government in Iraq thought that the Iranian government was behind the scenes of Shiite political and religious activities in Iraq.
There are Shiite political and religious groups in Iraq and the lack of monitoring of Iranian activities there will make the Iranian nation stronger and threaten the Ottoman identity in this part of the territory under their rule. They never had a favorable opinion of the presence of Iranians in the holy cities of Iraq.

Keywords

Citizenship

High Certificates

Marriage Prohibition

Military Service

Adamit, Fereydoun) 1351 (Thought of Progress and Rule of Law, Sepahsalar Era, Tehran: Kharazmi.

Ehtesham Al-Saltanah (6631) Memoirs of Ehtesham Al-Saltanah, by Seyyed Mehdi Mousavi, Tehran: Zavareh.

Soltani documents) Ottoman archival documents about Iran (2009) (2 volumes in 1 volume,) by (Seyyed Ali Mojani, Mohammad Ali Kazem Beigi, Ali Arghun Chenar, Qom: Ayatollah Marashi Najafi Grand Library Publications.

Oben, Jan) 1983 (Iran Today) 1907-1906 AD (Translated by Ali Asghar Saeedi, Tehran: Zavar.

Farmanfarmaeian, Tehran: Amir Kabir.

Qaya, Dilk (2008) (Karbala in the Ottoman Archives) 1840-1876 AD (Translated from Turkey by Hazem Saeed Montaser and Mustafa Zahran, Cairo: Al-Madar Al-Arabiya

Raeesnia, Rahim (1989) Iran and the Ottoman Empire on the Threshold of the Twentieth Century, 2 volumes, Tabriz: Sotoudeh.

Safaei, Ebrahim (1973) (Political documents of the Qajar period, second edition, Tehran: Rushdieh printing house.

Excerpts from Iranian and Ottoman Political Documents, 1991, by Mohammad Hassan Kavousi, Iraqi, Volumes 3, 4, and 5, Tehran: Document Publishing Unit of the Office of Political and International Studies.

Excerpts from Iranian and Ottoman Political Documents, 1996, by Mohammad Hassan Kavousi Iraqi, Volume 7, Tehran: Office for the Publication of Documents of the Office of Political and International Studies.

Lewis, Bernard (1994) The Rise of New Turkey, translated by Mohsen Ali Sobhani, Tehran: Publisher

Hamzli Langrick, Steven) 1997 (Political, Social and Economic History of Iraq) 1950-1900 (Translated by Ali Darvishi Mashhad: Astan Quds Razavi Islamic Research Foundation