An analysis of the commercial bills of the Qajar era Documentary and Historical study

Mohammadi, Amin; Samareh Hosseini, Marzyieh

doi:10.30465/sehs.2019.4097

Document Type : .

Authors

¹ Phd student of history/ IHC, Tehran. Iran

² MA. The study in archive documents and plans /Tehran university.Tehran. Iran

https://doi.org/10.30465/sehs.2019.4097

Abstract

commercial bills was the most important and most used financial instrument in the economic relations of the Qajar era. According to historical evidence, during this time period, a large part of Iran's internal and external transactions was carried out using it. On the other hand, this document was not the only commercial operation, but the Qajar government used it for things like tax settlements, payment of debts and the purchase of goods from Outside the country. Despite the establishment of royal and Mortagage banks, as well as Western-style currency money, the use of bill in economic relations continued significantly until the end of the Qajar period.
But what kind of document is it and how can a researcher identify it from a wide range of commercial documents? What factors made the bills turn into the most important financial instrument in Qajar trading? This research tries to answer these questions through a descriptive-analytical method and reviewing library resources and over 200 bills.
The findings of this study indicate that the bills are of a specially structured nature that distinguishes them from other documents. Contentally, this document provides valuable information to the economic history researchers on the mechanism of the payment system among traders and individuals. On the other hand, lack of security in the roads, lack of coins, easy transportation, unpredictability of money, and lack of trust in banks were the main reasons for its widespread use in the Qajar era.

Keywords

References

Abdoli Ashtiani, Asadollah (2016).Siaq: Tarix, Amouzesh, Divansalari va Riazi hesabdari (Siaq: History, Education, Bureaucracy and Mathematical Accounting).Tehran: Safirardehal.

Adamiat, Fereidoun and Homa Nateq (1977). Afkar-e Ejtemaee, Siasi va eghtesadi dar asar-e montasher nashode-e doran qajar (Social, political and economic thoughts in the works published by the Qajar era).Tehran: Agah.

Ashraf, Ahmad (1980). Mavane roshd sarmaiedary dar iran (obstacles Capitalist growth in Iran).Tehran: zamineh.

Curzon, George Nathaniel (1993). Iran va qazie-e iran (Persia and the persian question).translated by gholam ali vahid mazandarani.Tehran: elmi va farhangi.

Ebadi, Mohammadali (1996). Hoqoq-e Tejarat (Trade law).Tehran: Ketabxane-ye Ganj-e danesh.

Eisavi, charls (2009). Tarix-e Eghtesadi-e Iran (Iranian economic history).Translated By Yaghoub Ajand. Tehran: Gostareh.

Esfehanian, Karim and others (2006). Asnsd-e tarixi-e xandan-e qafari(Historical Documents of the Ghafari Family).Tehran: Bonyad-e moqufat-e doctor mahmod-e afshar.

Etehadie, Mansoreh (1998). Inja Tehran Ast (Here is Tehran).Tehran: Nashr-e Tarix-e Iran.

Farmanfarma, firouzmirza ebn abasmirza (1998). Nameha-ye Hokoumati-e Firouzmirza Farmanfarma (Government Letters to Firouzmirza Farmanfarma).Tehran: Sazman-e Asnad melli-e iran.

Fateh. Mostafa (19..). Poul va Bankdari (Money and banking). Tehran: Roshanaie.

Floor, Willem (1991). Extelaf-e tejari-e iran va holand (Trade disputes between Iran and the Netherlands). Translated By Abolghasem serri. Tehran: tous.

Habibi, Hassan and Mohammad Baqer Vosoughi (2008). Barresi-e Tarixi, siasi va ejtemaee asnad-e Bandar Abas (Historical, political and social analysis of Bandar Abbas documents).Tehran: Bonyad-e Iranshenasi.

Jamalzadeh, seyedmohammadali (1997). Ganj-e Shaigan. Tehran: Bonyad-e moqufat-e doctor mahmod-e afshar.

Lockhart, Lawrence (2004).Engheraz selsele-ye safavie (The extinction of the Safavid dynasty). Translated By Esmaeil dolatshahi. Tehran: elmi va farhangi.

Mahdavi, asghar va iraj afshar (2001). Asnad Tejari iran dar sal 1281 (Iranian commercial documents in 1287).Tehran: elmi vafarhangi.

Matthee, Rudolph (2016). Tarix-e pouli-e iran az safavie ta qajar (The moey history of iran: from the safavides to the qajars). Translated By javad abbasi. Narmak.

Mirjalili and others (2015).poul va asnad tejari (Money and commercial documents).Tehran: ketab-e marjaa.

Mohammadi,Valiolla (1971).Bank va amaliat banki (Bank and Bank operations). Tehran: moassese ali hesabdari.

Nategh, homa (1992).Bazarganan dar dad va setad ba bank-e shahi va reje tanbakou (Merchants in trading with a bank of royal and tobacco reji).Tehran: xavaran.

Nazemoleslam-e kermani (2005).Tarix-e bidari Iranian (Iranian Awakening History).Tehran: amirkabir.

Qaemmaqami, Jahangir (1971). Moghadameei bar Shenaxt-e asnad-e tarixi (An Introduction to the Recognition of Historical Documents). Tehran: Anjoman Asar melli.

Rashedi ashrafi, Alireza (1996). Hoqoq-e Tejarat (Trade law).Tehran: Moaseseh-ye Motaleat va pajpheshha-ye Bazargani.

Ravandi, morteza (1999).Tarix-e ejtemaee iran (Iranian social history).Tehran: Negah.

Safinejad, Javad (2008). Kosheshi dar Auzesh Xat-e Siaq(An attempt at line training Khatte SAIQ). Tehran: Sazman-e Asnad va Ketabxane-ye Melli-e Iran.

Tohidlo, Somayieh (2015).Hayat-e Eghtesadi-e Iranain dar dore-ye Mashroteh (Iranian economic life during the constitutional era).Tehran: Hermes.

Articles

Alizadeh, Mehrbanu (2013). Chand resale-ye eghtesadi va ejtemeie neveshte-ye Mohammadebrahim badaie negare tehrani (Some Social and Economic Treatises by MohammamEbrahim badaie Negar Tehrani).Payam-e Baharestan: Special Note on Finance and Economics. Summer 2013. No 1.

Mohammadi, Amin and Samareh hosseini, Marziyeh (2015). Baarrese-ye Saxtar-e mohtavae-e Ejarenameha-ye doreye qajar (Contentstructure of lease conteracts of the Qajarid era). Ganine-ye Asnad(Historical Research & Archival studies quarterly.) Vol. 24. No. 4. Winter 2015.

Rabbanizadeh, Seyied Mohamadirahim (2012). Gardesh-e Nezam-e pouli-e xelafat abbasi dar qaleb-e chek va safteh (Circulation of the Abbasid-style monetary system in the form of checks and promissories). Pajouheshname-ye Tarix-e ejtemaee va eghtesadi. Spring and summer 2012. Vol. 1. No. 1.

Samareh hosseini, Marziyeh and Amin Mohammadi (2016). Tahlil-e Saxtar-e Barstha-ye Divani dar doreye qajar (The Struture of Government Drafts in the Qajarid era). Ganine-ye Asnad(Historical Research & Archival studies quarterly.) Vol. 25. No. 4. Winter 2016.

Mohammadi, Amin (2016). Tahlil bar payannameha-ye hoze-ye asnad-e tarixi va nosax-e xati. Naqd-e ketab-e miras. Vol. 2. No. 5. Winter 2015

Christoph, Werner,) 2003(, formal aspects of Qajar deeds of sale in Persian Documents, edite by Kondonoboki, routledgecurzon.

Thesis

Mansuri, Tayebeh (2011). Barresie asnad-e tejari-e dore-ye naseri. Master's thesis at Tehran University.

Samareh hosseini, Marziyeh (2013).baratha-ye tejari va divani-e doreye qajar. Master's thesis at Tehran University.

Manuscripts

Ahsanalmoraselat, nameless (1911). Library of the Islamic Consultative Assembly. Manuscript number 226429.

Esfehani, Habibollah (1916). Mjmaalmoraselat almarouf beashal almoraselat. Library of the Islamic Consultative Assembly. Manuscript number 710665.

Rafia Ehtesham divan, Rahim. Qavanin-e movaqati-e mahakem-e hoqoqi. Manuscript: Sazman-e Asnad va Ketabxane-ye Meli-ye Iran: number 5-17997.

Tajer esfehani, Mohammadjavad (1904). Gavaed altejari-ye, (Rules of the law). Lithography.

Documents

Markaz-e Asnad-e Ketabxane-ye Malek: 1394.31.04191؛1394.31.04187؛ 1394.31.04182؛ 1394.31.04190؛ 1394.31.04182.

Sazman-e Asnad va Ketabxane-ye Meli-ye Iran (Sakma)(National Library and Archives of Iran): 083201/240؛ 7198/295؛ 7200/295؛ 17269/296؛ 18237/296؛ 18943/296 18947/296؛ 19017/296؛ 18237/296؛ 19016/296؛ 29185/999؛ 293006402؛ 29502/999؛ 30923/999؛ 31963/999؛ 33163/240.؛ 6116/360؛ 30923/999.

Site: Asnad.Org: 1258A39.

Tahqiqāt-e Târix-e Eqtesâdi (Economic History Studies )

An analysis of the commercial bills of the Qajar era Documentary and Historical study

References

References

Volume 8, Issue 1 - Serial Number 15
October 2019
Pages 173-194

An analysis of the commercial bills of the Qajar era Documentary and Historical study

References

References

Volume 8, Issue 1 - Serial Number 15October 2019Pages 173-194

Volume 8, Issue 1 - Serial Number 15
October 2019
Pages 173-194