Tahqiqāt-e Târix-e Eqtesâdi (Economic History Studies of Iran)

Economic Themes in Pahlavi Document No. 25 from Tabaristān Archive: A Study Centered on the Concept of Paymān and Its Correspondence

Articles in Press

Document Type : .

Authors

Ahmad Bavand Savadkoohi 1
Roozbeh ZarrinKoob 2
Fayyaz Zahed 3

1 Ph.D. Candidate in the Departman of History,CT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of History, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University Tehran, , Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of History, CT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

10.30465/ehs.2026.53335.2070
Abstract
Abstract:



The post-Sasanian Pahlavi document no.25 of Tabaristān has a specific place among these documents; because apart from social, historical and political issues, it contains the legal-economical problems with the main subject of loan, compensation, financial obligation, profit, and oral and written contracts. This study examines the document’s economic content with a focus on the concept of Paymān (contract) and its parallels with the Mādayān ī Hazār Dādestān, the principal Sasanian legal compendium. The research investigates continuities and transformations in the economic framework of Padishkhwārgar relative to Sasanian models based on a qualitative methodology, and our informative data come from library sources. The findings show that substantial conformity with Sasanian law, while deviations—such as the absence of guarantees (Payandānī), modified penalty clauses, and composite contractual forms—reflect adaptation to new socio-political realities. Overall, the Tabaristān corpus offers invaluable primary evidence for the evolution of Iranian economic practices after the Sasanian period.

Keywords

Sasanian economy
Mādayān ī Hazār Dādestān
Paymān (contract)
Padishkhwargar
Tabaristān
Subjects
Tahqiqāt-e Târix-e Eqtesâdi (Economic History Studies of Iran)

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 18 June 2026

  • Receive Date 06 November 2025
  • Revise Date 20 May 2026
  • Accept Date 18 June 2026

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