text article 2013 per Pažuheš-Nâme-ye Târix-e Ejtemâ’i va Eqtesâdi (Socio Economic History Studies) Biannual Journal Volume 2, Number 1, Spring & Summer 2013 Concessionaire: Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies (IHCS) Director in Charge & Editor-in-Chief: Shahram Yousefifar Executive Manager: Azam Riahi   Editorial Board Ahmad Badkoobeh Hazaveh Associate Professor, University of Tehran Safoura Boroumand Assistant Professor, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies Abolhasan Fayyaz Anoush Assistant Professor, University of Isfahan Mohammadali Kazembeygi Associate Professor, University of Tehran Seyyed Ahmadreza Khezri Professor, University of Tehran Maryam Moezzi Assistant Professor, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Naser Takmil Homayoon Professor, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies Seyyd Rahim Rabbanizadeh Assistant Professor, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies   Managing Editor: Reza Hosseini Editor: Akram Noori Proofreader: Shaya Shahvagh Layout: Elham Saberi Amiri Cover Designer: Majid Akbari Kolli   Mailing Address Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies (IHCS) P.O.Box: 14155-6419, Iran, Tehran Tel.Fax: (98) 021-88612870, Email: eco.socialhistory@ihcs.ac.ir http://economichistory.ihcs.ac.ir Institute for humanities and cultural studies 2383-1278 2 v. 1 no. 2013 1 1 http://economichistory.ihcs.ac.ir/article_722_880d6fd3af296c030d7aa8d0e78e65f5.pdf Hossein Abadian Associate Professor, Imam Khomeini International University, hoabadian@yahoo.com author text article 2013 per The present article deals with the economic relations between Iran and Germany from a new perspective. It attempts to base its investigation upon a theory in economic politics whose greatest representative is Paul Marlor Sweezy. He developed the theory of dividing the colonial portions and domains of influence of capitalistic countries in other areas of the world which ultimately leads to war. The major hypothesis of this study is that Germany after Bismarck turned into a great economic power in the world. This economic power attempted to find an adequate market for its products at a time when the great colonizers had occupied most parts of the world. Italso sought to find reliable and constant sources of raw materials. One of the countries which could provide raw materials for Germany was Iran and since the time of Bismarck, Germany intended to secure a place for itself in Iran. These attempts underwent a great deal of ups and downs which persisted till September 1947. Competitions to obtain both raw materials and markets led to the ignition of two great world wars whose nature is related to the redefinition of the roles of the great economic powers in various regions of the world. Institute for humanities and cultural studies 2383-1278 2 v. 1 no. 2013 1 17 http://economichistory.ihcs.ac.ir/article_773_31c44eb99f469dab80c09a5685679c0c.pdf Sa’id Amanpour Associate Professor, Geography and Cultural Planning, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz author Reza Ahmadi Associate Professor, Geography and Cultural Planning, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz author Sajjad Monfared M.A. in, Geography and Cultural Planning, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz author Zabihollah Torabi M.A. Student, Geography and Cultural Planning, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz author text article 2013 per Recentcensuses show that the city of Ahvaz has superiority and absolute sovereignty over other cities of Khuzestan province.The general purpose of this study is to investigate the process of primate city formation in the urban centers of Khuzestan province in 1956-2011. It is an applied research which uses adescriptive-analytical method. Data were collected using library resources, census records, and databases available in governor’s office. They were, then, organized and interpreted using the Excel software. Rank-size models and popular primate city models, including, primate city index, two-city index, Ginzberg’s index, Moomav and Alvasabi’s index, and Mehta’s index were also used. Results showa concentration of population in the city of Ahvaz and a population decline in other cities of the province. Finally, somesolutions are suggested to improve the situation. Institute for humanities and cultural studies 2383-1278 2 v. 1 no. 2013 19 50 http://economichistory.ihcs.ac.ir/article_774_19472c25332c00abccbb4a5c1d327f6a.pdf Ali Akbar Tashakkori Bafqi Assistant Professor History, Yazd University author text article 2013 per After the foundation of the Safavid dynasty, trade experienced a boom in the first quarter of the eleventh century AH due to their political ties and measures to bring the trade routes under their control. Therefore, textile industry gradually reached its pinnacle thanks to Safavid support. Among the Iranian cities, Yazd became such a seat of this industry that a royal agent called Kerk-e Yarāq was appointed to provide the textiles requested by the royal family and aristocracy. Even, a professional designer from Yazd who was commissioned to Isfahan to run the royal textile weaving workshops managed to become the best textile designer in the Iranian history. Qias al-Din Yazdi, also, introduced two innovations in designing and weaving multiple and velvet fabrics. Institute for humanities and cultural studies 2383-1278 2 v. 1 no. 2013 51 65 http://economichistory.ihcs.ac.ir/article_775_7b4609411a69b2a6d1428a516e993185.pdf Hamid Hajianpour Associate Professor History, Shiraz University author Hadi Pirouzan Ph.D student, Shiraz University author text article 2013 per Founded in the second half of the sixth century AH, Qadiriyya Sufi order managed to present itself as one of the most important Sufi orders of the time and bring a considerable part of the society under its influence in a short time. This trend continued till ninth century AH in Iran and even in India; however, Safavid support of Shia Islam led to its massive structural and cultural decline. This paper uses a descriptive-analytical research method and taps primary sources to examine this issue and present new findings. The findings suggested that Qadiriyya Sufi order went through three distinct periods till the fall of the Safavid Empire. In the first period which began in the mid-sixth century AH and ended before the Mongol invasion, Qadiriyya Sufi order managed to win a special position in the community and even among the shopkeepers thanks to its emphasis on jurisprudence. During the second period, it made some changes in its practice and sough to maintain its position through Sufi orientations. In the final period which began in the ninth century AH and continued till the fall of the Safavid Empire, it lost its social position and suffered absolute decline due to Safavid support of Shia Islam and its sects and orders. Institute for humanities and cultural studies 2383-1278 2 v. 1 no. 2013 67 88 http://economichistory.ihcs.ac.ir/article_776_c3b78d112fbba70b580751b14de1877b.pdf Alireza Molla’i Tavani Associate Professor, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies author text article 2013 per As an important method used in historical researches, comparative assessment sheds light on different aspects of historical phenomena and, thus, facilitates better understanding. This paper uses this method to study some similarities in thought and practice between two influential clerics of constitutional Iran; Shaykh Ibrahim Zanjani and Mirza Yahya Dowlatabadi. A closer look at their though and practice reveals that there are lots of similarities between the two: they were born in the same period of time, received similar religious education, joined intellectual circles, joined the constitutionalists, had similar concerns, were involved in similar activities, wrote similar works, supported modern education, and even criticized the dominant religion of their time and its agents. These demonstrate that the climate of thinking and conditions of time had a great impact on their intellectual and political character Institute for humanities and cultural studies 2383-1278 2 v. 1 no. 2013 89 110 http://economichistory.ihcs.ac.ir/article_777_12ad1b7aa6d0373a1621874dadc91121.pdf Shahram Yousefifar Professor History, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies author Behzad Asghari Ph.d student of kharazmi university author text article 2013 per With the rise of Turkmen Seljuqs who primarily served in the armies of previous governments, new circumstances emergedwithin the social, political, and military spheres of Iran. At first, they sought to maintain their tribal system traditions in the military affairs. However, they, in their new position as rulers of a vast territory, had to appoint members of other tribes as their military commanders. This resulted in ethnic mixing inside the army. The incorporation of non-Seljuqs into the Seljuq military and, consequently, political and administrative structures led to their presence in social and economic arenas and brought them socio-political status. This paper aims to study the impact of these military commanders’ social and political status on their centripetal or centrifugal tendencies. For this purpose, their ethnic affiliation was studied. It was revealed that Turkmen, Turks, Arabs, and Iraniansserved in the Seljuq army asiqtā commanders, royal commanders, and displaced commanders. This brought them not only political but also social status which, consequently, made them show centripetalor centrifugal tendencies that affected the political and social life of the society. Their political status and social bonds with the society led to the formation of independent bases of power and gradual decline of the Seljuq dynasty. Institute for humanities and cultural studies 2383-1278 2 v. 1 no. 2013 111 136 http://economichistory.ihcs.ac.ir/article_778_7efd15640e0572e1f34fdd5756877617.pdf